Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Gaudibilidad (Moduladores de Disfrute) para Niños y Adolescentes (EGNA) / Psychometric properties of Gaudiebility Scale (Modulators of Enjoyment)for Children and Adolescents (GSCA)

La disminución de la capacidad de disfrute puede considerarse un factor de riesgo de trastornos mentales. Por ello, es de utilidad disponer de instrumentos válidos para evaluar la gaudibilidad en niños y adolescentes. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue construir y analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Gaudibilidad para Niños y Adolescentes (EGNA). 1.264 estudiantes de primaria, secundaria y bachillerato respondieron a: EGNA, Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg, Escalas Panas de afecto positivo y negativo para niños y adolescentes y la escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos. Mediante un análisis facto-rial confirmatorio utilizando Weighted Least Square con una reparametrización con un valor de Delta = .05 y forzando una estructura entre factores no ortogonal con el modelo de 5 factores (Disfrute en compañía, Autoeficacia frente al aburrimiento, Sentido del humor, Imaginación e interés) relacionados, los resultados (chi2/df = 9.40; CFI = .931; TLI = .946) indican que los índices de modificación no presentaron valores relevantes, de forma que no sería pertinente proponer ningún otro modelo alternativo. Además, se observó una consistencia interna adecuada (Cronbach alfa = .794) en la es-cala total y en los 5 factores. Finalmente se observaron adecuadas evidencias validez. Se concluye que la EGNA es adecuada para cuantificar los ni-veles de gaudibilidad en niños y adolescentes.

The decrease in the ability to enjoy can be considered a risk fac-tor or marker of mental disorders. Therefore, it can be useful to have a scale to quantify gaudiebility in children and adolescents. The objective of the present work was to build and analyze the psychometric properties of the Gaudiebility Scale for Children and Adolescents (GSCA). 1,264 primary, secondary and high school students responded to GSCA, Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Positive and Negative Affect schedule, Center of Epidemiological Studies of Depression scale. Through a confirmatory factor analysis using WLSMV (Weighted Least Square) estimation with a reparameterization with a value of Delta = .05 and forcing a non-orthogonal factor structure was observed to 5 factors model (Enjoyment in Company, Self-efficacy versus boredom, Sense of humor, Imagination and Interest) related, results (Chi82/df = 9.40; CFI = .931; TLI = .946) indicate that the modification indices did not present relevant values, so it would not be pertinent to propose any other alternative model. In addition, an appropriate internal reliability (Cronbach Alpha = .794) was observed in the total scale and in the 5 subscales. Finally, an adequate evidence of validity was observed. It is con-cluded that GSCA seems appropriate to quantify gaudiebility levels in children and adolescents

Heavy metal contamination in Phrynops geoffroanus (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines: Chelidae) in a River Basin, São Paulo, Brazil.

The Piracicaba River basin is considered the most disturbed river basin in the state of São Paulo. Considerable amounts of agricultural residues are seasonally drained into the river, and the region is also highly urbanized and industrialized with an incipient sewage treatment system. The presence of heavy metals has been previously reported for the water and riverbed in Piracicaba river basin. In this study we evaluated 13 heavy metals in the blood of 37 Geoffroy's side-necked turtles, Phrynops geoffroanus, from Piracicaba River and Piracicamirim Creek, one of its tributaries. Blood levels of As, Co, Cr, Se and Pb varied among sites, whereas Sn varied between males and females. However, no obvious pathology was detected. Serum level of Cu (2,194 ng g(-1)) and Pb (1,150 ng g(-1)) found in this study are the highest ever described for any reptile; however, no clinical symptoms have been detected in the present study. There is no information about the time scale of such contamination, which could be currently subclinical and yet lead to a breakdown in the population reproductive success in a few years. Based on the present study, legal enforcement is urged in order to locate and extirpate heavy metal sources in the Piracicaba River basin. In addition, monitoring should include humans and commercial fish consumed in local markets.

Control a largo plazo de 55 ninos com nefropatia secundaria a purpura de Schoenlein-Henoch. / Long-term control of 55 children with nephropathy secondary to Schoenlein-Henoch purpura

Exponemos nuestra experiencia en cincuenta y cinco casos de sindrome de Schoenlein-Henoch con afeccion renal. Desde el punto de vista clinico se clasificaron en cinco grupos: 1) Hematuria y proteinuria, 2) Hematuria y sindrome nefrotico, 3) Hematuria 4) Hematuria, sindrome nefrotico e insuficiencia renal y 5) proteinuria. Desde el punto de vista anatomico se clasificaron en seis tipos segun los criterios del ISKDC. Se halla correlacion en cuanto a peor pronostico en la forma clinica de inicio con sidrome nefrotico e insuficiencia renal y en la lesion anatomica con semilunas en porcentaje superior al 75% de los glomerulos